a16z crypto analyzes the contradiction between blockchain censorship resistance and low latency

According to a16z crypto researchers, there is a fundamental contradiction between blockchain “censorship resistance” and “low latency.” Any Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) blockchain protocol with censorship resistance requires at least 5 rounds of communication when over 0.2 validators may act maliciously, whereas traditional BFT consensus needs a minimum of only 3 rounds. To address the problem of block proposers censoring transactions, Ethereum researchers are exploring FOCIL / EIP-7805, and Solana researchers are working on Constellation and MCP. All use the approach of validators collecting “inclusion lists” of transactions in advance to provide censorship resistance guarantees, ensuring transactions are included in a block within 5 rounds of communication at the latest.